The Egyptian Museum is one of the largest and most famous international museums, located in the heart of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, on the northern side of Tahrir Square. Its construction dates back to the year 1835, and its location was then in Azbakeya Park, where it included a large number of various antiquities at that time. Then it was transferred with its contents to the second exhibition hall in the Salah al-Din Citadel, until the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, who was working at the Louvre Museum, thought of opening a museum in which the collection would be displayed. Among the antiquities on the shore of the Nile at Boulaq, and when these antiquities were exposed to the threat of flooding, they were moved to a special annex to the Khedive Ismail’s palace in Giza. Then the Egyptologist Gaston Maspero came and in 1902, during the reign of Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, opened the new museum building in its current location in the heart of Cairo.
The Egyptian Museum is considered one of the first museums in the world to be established as a public museum, unlike the museums that preceded it.
The museum includes more than 180,000 artifacts, the most important of which are the archaeological collections found in the tombs of the kings and the royal entourage of the Middle Dynasty in Dahshur in 1894. The museum now includes the greatest archaeological collection in the world that expresses all stages of ancient Egyptian history.