Intentionally temple (Aswan)
Intentionally temple (Aswan)
The Temple of Amda, the Temple of Al-Durr, and the Tomb of Nut are currently located at the site of New Amda, located about 160 km south of Aswan. Fearing that they would be exposed to the risk of being permanently submerged under the waters of the Nile with the construction of the High Dam in Aswan in the 1960s, and given their enormous historical value, these ancient monuments were saved through the UNESCO project to save the monuments of Nubia. They were dismantled and moved from their original locations to their new location in New Amda, only a few kilometers away. In 1979 AD, these beautiful monuments were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List
The Temple of Amada is considered the oldest Egyptian temple in Nubia. It was established by Tuthmosis III of the Eighteenth Dynasty and dedicated it to Amun and Ra-Horakhti. His son and successor, Amenhotep III, completed the decoration of the temple. Amenhotep III's successor, Thutmose II, decided to roof the outer hall and use the colonnaded pattern. During the Amarna era, Akhenaten ordered the name of Amun to be erased from the temple and it was later restored during the reign of Seti I of the Nineteenth Dynasty. Several kings of the Nineteenth Dynasty, especially Seti I and Ramesses II, also made “simple restorations and added to the decorations of the temple.” The temple murals describe the architectural activity of the governors of Kush-Sittau, Hiqanakht, and Messui, and the advisor Bey during the reign of Ramesses II, Merneptah, and Siptah, respectively.
Inside the temple.
Relief of Tuthmosis III before the gods at Amada
In the original building plan, there was a tower, a front hall, and a colonnade with columns leading from it to the Holy Sanctuary. But when Thutmose IV ordered the roofing of the hall, “the columns and walls were decorated with scenes of sacrifices, including Thutmose IV on the left,” and Thutmose III and Amenhotep II on the side. Right. Although the facade of the temple has deteriorated, there are many colorful bas-reliefs inside. The best of these colorful inscriptions are found in the interior parts of the temple, where we see inscriptions of Tuthmosis III and Amenhotep II offering sacrifices to various Egyptian gods. To the left of the covered entrance we see Amenhotep II, Horus, and Thoth imitating him with a crown and a waving paddle in his hand?!. The worship room on the side of the sanctuary contains some scenes of the sanctification of the building of the temple, depicting “the ‘rope-laying’ ritual, the brick-laying ceremony, and the offerings made to the gods in the temple.”
Historical records.
There are two important historical inscriptions from Amada Temple. The oldest, dating back to the third year of the reign of Amenhotep II, is “in a rounded mural at the end of the eastern wall of the Holy Mosque.” It contains a description of the pharaoh’s military campaign in Asia:
His Majesty returned with joy to his father Amun after he killed with his scepter seven leaders from the country of Takhsi (Syria), who were hung by their heels on the bow of His Majesty’s ship.
Then Amenhotep II describes how six of them were hanged “on the walls of Thebes” and the seventh was hanged on the walls of Napata (a Nubian city near the Fourth Cataract). This served as a warning to Nubian subjects of the consequences of rebellion against Amenhotep's rule. The second historical text, “on a mural engraved to the left (north) of the entrance,” mentions the failure of the Libyan invasion in the fourth year of Merneptah’s rule.
The first travelers to the region described the temple, and the first to publish about it was Henri Gautier in 1913.
The temple was moved from its original location to a new location “65 and a few kilometers higher and 2.5 kilometers further” from its original location between 1964 and 1975. The temple could not be cut into blocks (as was done with other movable temples) because that would have destroyed the drawings. When Christiane Deroches-Noblecourt saw that everyone had given up on the idea of the temple being submerged by silt waters from Lake Nasser, she announced that France would preserve the temple. She asked two architects to devise a way to move the temple without cutting it up. Their idea was to place the temple on rails and move it hydraulically to a new location a few kilometers away and at an altitude of 60 meters.
The rock-cut Temple of Al-Durr was also moved next to the new site of the Amada Temple.