Karnak or the Karnak Temple Complex, which is known as the Karnak Temple, is a group of temples, buildings and columns, where expansion and construction operations continued from the Pharaonic era, specifically the kings of the Middle Kingdom, until the Roman era in Luxor in Egypt on the Eastern Shore. The temple was built for the divine trinity of Amun (Amun Ra in modern times), his wife, the goddess Mut, and their son, the god Khonsu. Each of them has a temple belonging to the Karnak temple complex. Sometimes tourists and non-specialists in the Karnak Temple only mean the temple belonging to Amun i Amun Ra.
Naming.
The temple was named after the city of Karnak, which is a modern name distorted from the Arabic word Khornaq, meaning fortified village, which was given to many temples in the region during this period. While the temple was initially known as “Bar Amun,” meaning the Temple of Amun or the House of Amun, during the Middle Kingdom it was called Ibet Sut, which means the most chosen of places (sometimes translated as the chosen spot). This name was found on the walls of the cabin of Senusret I in the Pylon. the third. The temple was also known by many names, including Nisut-Toa, meaning the throne of two states, and Ebet Iset, meaning the most magnificent residence.
Naming the temple with these names had a relationship with the ancient Egyptian belief that Thebes was the first city founded on the primitive hill that rose from the waters of chaos at the beginning of the formation of the earth. At that time the god Atum (sometimes the god Ptah) stood on the hill to begin the making of creation. It was also believed that the location of the temple was this land and the temple was raised in this spot for this reason. It was also believed that Karnak was an ancient observatory, as well as a place of worship where the god Amun interacted directly with the people of the earth.
There was a practiced custom of filling edifices or temples with the remains of stones, such as Horemheb, who filled the three edifices that he built with the remains of the stones of the Temple of Aten, which Akhenaten built after it was demolished by Horemheb, and likewise Amenhotep III, who filled his third edifice with many stones, including the stones of the chamber of Senusret I of the state. The middle and many other things.
History.
Middle Kingdom.
With the arrival of the kings of the Eleventh Dynasty to rule all of Egypt, Karnak was already considered a sacred land. It seems that a form of worship of the god Amun took place in the Karnak piece before the unification of the country, which had a direct impact in increasing the power and wealth of Amun and gradually merging him with Sun god Ra. The White Chapel of Senusret I and the Middle Kingdom court are the oldest remains of buildings within the temple area. Sonsret I began construction in the period from 1971 BC to 1926 BC, and he used limestone in construction.
Modern state.
The era of the New Kingdom was the golden age of Karnak, because the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty, which was the first dynasty in the Old Kingdom, were interested in worshiping Amun after he was merged with Ra and became Amun-Ra, and they worshiped him as the god of war, and since the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Dynasties were famous for military expansions, attention was necessary. In his temple to take blessings from him in their wars, Amenhotep I was the first to think of building a temple for Amun Ra in that spot, which was the same spot on which the old temple was built in the Middle Kingdom era. Then Tuthmosis I followed him and built the fourth and fifth pylons and two red granite obelisks, one of which still exists. It still exists until now, as well as the Hypostyle Hall. Then he was followed by Queen Hatshepsut, who ruled for 23 years and built the eighth edifice and the two famous obelisks, one of which is still standing and exceeds 29 meters in length. She also built some shrines, and she was followed by King Thutmose III, who built some shrines and surrounded the two obelisks of Hatshepsut with a mud-brick building that still remains. Its remains are present, and there are still signs in the obelisk based on its presence. He also built the fourth and fifth pylons and the Annals Halls. He was followed by Amenhotep III, who built the third pylon and also the row of giant columns in the Celebration Hall. He was followed by Akhenaten, who was the first unified pharaoh and who called for the worship of the Aten and was symbolized by the sun disk and brown He had a temple in Karnak, but it did not last, as Horemheb quickly demolished it under the influence of the priests. King Horemheb came and tried to appease the priests, so he erected the second, ninth, and tenth edifice.
Final developments
The new development by the Antiquities Authority restored all the scattered parts of all the temples inside Karnak and developed the front area of it from a vast area to give an aesthetic appearance in front of the facade of the temples and to take pictures of the entire facade of the temples and several rest areas for visitors. How sound and light are the most beautiful things that make the monument speak and reveal what cannot be accurately seen with the naked eye at night.
Southern region: Mott group

The Ten Monuments of Karnak
Karnak consists of ten edifices that together form the temple as one unit, built by pharaohs and kings who ruled Egypt for hundreds of years. The ten edifices include:
First edifice
It is the main entrance to the temple and the last chronologically. It is one of the eight entrances to the temple, which was built towards the west. Archaeologists believe that this wall was built by King Nectanebo, one of the kings of the thirtieth and last dynasty in ancient Egyptian history.
Second edifice
The second edifice was built by King Horemheb and King Ramesses I, and his name Ramesses II was written on it. Additions were added to it from the era of Euergetes II, Ptolemy VI. It was 97 meters long, 29 meters high, and 14 meters thick. In 1954 AD, a huge statue of King Bay Najm Ibn Banakhi, one of the kings of the Twenty-First Dynasty, was found near it. It is believed that King Bay Najm I usurped it from King Ramesses II. Ramesses VI recorded his name on the base, and the statue represents King Ramesses II standing and holding in his hands the royal symbols. Wearing a double crown, his daughter, Bint Anat, stood in front of his legs. The height of the statue is 260 cm with the crown, and it is carved from pink granite rock. The statue now stands to the left of the interior of the second edifice, and a painting of the king was also found near this edifice